靜電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器的(de)電(dian)源由控制箱、升壓(ya)(ya)變壓(ya)(ya)器和整流器組(zu)成。電(dian)源輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高低對(dui)除(chu)塵(chen)效(xiao)率也(ye)有(you)很(hen)大影響。因此,靜電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器運(yun)行電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)需保持40一75kV乃(nai)至100kV以(yi)上。
基本結構
靜(jing)電(dian)電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由兩大部(bu)分組成(cheng):一(yi)部(bu)分是(shi)電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本體系(xi)統(tong)(tong);另(ling)一(yi)部(bu)分是(shi)提(ti)供高(gao)(gao)壓直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)的(de)供電(dian)裝置和(he)低(di)壓自動控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。電(dian)除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)原理圖如(ru)圖1所示,高(gao)(gao)壓供電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)為升壓變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)供電(dian),除塵(chen)(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)集塵(chen)(chen)(chen)*接(jie)地。低(di)壓電(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)磁(ci)振打(da)錘、卸灰(hui)(hui)電(dian)*、輸灰(hui)(hui)電(dian)*以及幾個部(bu)件的(de)溫度。

工作原理
電除塵(chen)器的(de)(de)(de)基本原理是利用電力捕集(ji)煙氣(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)粉塵(chen),主要包括以下四個相互有關的(de)(de)(de)物理過程(cheng):(1)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)電離(li)。(2)粉塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)電。(3)荷(he)電粉塵(chen)向電*移動。(4)荷(he)電粉塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)捕集(ji)。
荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)的(de)(de)(de)捕集過(guo)程(cheng):在(zai)兩個(ge)曲(qu)率半徑相差較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬陽(yang)*和陰(yin)*上(shang),通過(guo)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian),維持(chi)一個(ge)足以使氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang),氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后所產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi):陰(yin)離(li)子(zi)和陽(yang)離(li)子(zi),吸附在(zai)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)上(shang),使粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)*性不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)力的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下,分別向(xiang)不(bu)同*性的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)*運動(dong),沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)*上(shang),而(er)達到粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)和氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)分離(li)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
特點
靜電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器與其他除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)設備相比,耗能(neng)少,除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率高(gao)(gao),適(shi)用于除(chu)(chu)去煙氣中0.01—50μm的粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen),而且可用于煙氣溫度高(gao)(gao)、壓力大的場(chang)合。實踐表明,處理的煙氣量越(yue)大,使用靜電除(chu)(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器的投資和運(yun)行費用越(yue)經濟(ji)。
寬間距臥式電除塵器技術
HHD型寬間距(ju)臥式(shi)電(dian)(dian)除塵器是引進和借鑒(jian)國外**技術,結合(he)中國各行業工業窯爐廢(fei)氣(qi)工況的特點,為適(shi)應日趨嚴格的廢(fei)氣(qi)排放要求和WTO市場準則研究開發的科(ke)研成果(guo)。該成果(guo)已廣泛(fan)應用在冶金、電(dian)(dian)力(li)、水泥(ni)等行業。
寬間距及*板特別配置
使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場場強(qiang)、板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流分布更加均(jun)勻(yun),驅進速度可提高(gao) 1.3倍(bei),使(shi)捕集粉塵比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻范圍擴大到10 1 -10 14 Ω-cm,特別適用(yong)于硫化(hua)床鍋爐、新(xin)型水泥干法回(hui)轉窯、燒結機等廢(fei)氣的(de)高(gao)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻粉塵回(hui)收,減(jian)緩或消除反電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈現象。
整體新型RS電暈線
長度(du)(du)(du)可達15米(mi),具有(you)起暈(yun)電壓低,電暈(yun)電流密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da),鋼性強(qiang),永不破(po)損,具有(you)抗高溫、抗熱變能力(li),結(jie)合頂部振打方(fang)式清灰效果(guo)*佳。根據(ju)粉塵濃度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)小配置(zhi)相應(ying)的(de)電暈(yun)線密(mi)度(du)(du)(du),從而可適(shi)應(ying)高粉塵濃度(du)(du)(du)的(de)收塵,允許入口(kou)濃度(du)(du)(du)可達1000g/Nm 3。
電暈*頂部強力振打
根據清灰理(li)論設計的頂部放電(dian)*強力振打,可采用機械和(he)電(dian)磁兩種任選方式。
陰陽兩*自由懸吊
HHD電(dian)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)器(qi)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)系統和電(dian)暈*系統均采(cai)用三(san)維(wei)懸吊結(jie)構,當廢氣溫度過高時(shi),收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)*和電(dian)暈*將按三(san)維(wei)方(fang)向(xiang)任意(yi)膨脹伸(shen)展,收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)*系統還特別設計了(le)抗熱變(bian)鋼帶約束結(jie)構,使得HHD電(dian)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)器(qi)具有較高的抗熱變(bian)能力,經商業運行表明(ming),HHD電(dian)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)器(qi)耐溫可達(da)390℃。
提高振打加速度
改善(shan)清(qing)灰效(xiao)果(guo) :收塵(chen)(chen)*系(xi)統清(qing)灰好(hao)壞直接(jie)影響(xiang)收塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率,大(da)部分(fen)電收器在經過一段時(shi)間運行(xing)后都表現出效(xiao)率下(xia)降情況,究其根源主要是收塵(chen)(chen)*板(ban)清(qing)灰效(xiao)果(guo)差(cha)所致, HHD電收塵(chen)(chen)器利用(yong)撞(zhuang)擊理論和(he)實踐結(jie)果(guo),改傳統扁(bian)鋼撞(zhuang)擊桿結(jie)構(gou)為整體型鋼結(jie)構(gou),又(you)將收塵(chen)(chen)*的側部振打(da)錘(chui)(chui)結(jie)構(gou)刪繁(fan)就簡(jian),使(shi)掉錘(chui)(chui)環節(jie)減少2/3,實驗表明收塵(chen)(chen)*板(ban)面加(jia)速度從220G提高到356G。
占地面積小、重量輕
由于(yu)放(fang)電*系統采用(yong)頂部振打設計,且打破(po)常規創造性地將每(mei)個電場采用(yong)非對稱懸吊設計,并利用(yong)美(mei)國環境設備公司殼體(ti)計算(suan)機軟(ruan)件(jian)優化設計,使(shi)得(de)在同樣收(shou)塵(chen)總(zong)面積(ji)的情(qing)況,電收(shou)塵(chen)器(qi)總(zong)體(ti)長度減(jian)少3-5米(mi),重量減(jian)輕(qing)15%。
高保證絕緣系統
為(wei)防止(zhi)電(dian)除(chu)塵器的高壓絕(jue)緣材(cai)(cai)料(liao)結(jie)露爬(pa)電(dian),殼(ke)體采(cai)(cai)用(yong)蓄熱雙層(ceng)充氣(qi)屋頂設計,電(dian)加熱采(cai)(cai)用(yong)新PTC、PTS材(cai)(cai)料(liao),絕(jue)緣套(tao)管底部采(cai)(cai)用(yong)雙曲線反吹清掃設計,徹底杜絕(jue)了瓷套(tao)管結(jie)露爬(pa)電(dian)的易(yi)發故障,且維護(hu)、保養(yang)、更換(huan)*為(wei)便利(li)。
匹配L-C高系統
高(gao)(gao)壓控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)可采(cai)用 DSC系統控(kong)(kong)制(zhi),上位(wei)機操作,低壓控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)采(cai)用PLC控(kong)(kong)制(zhi), 中文觸摸屏操作。高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)采(cai)用恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、高(gao)(gao)阻抗直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan),匹配 HHD電(dian)(dian)(dian)收塵(chen)器本(ben)體。可產(chan)生高(gao)(gao)除塵(chen)效(xiao)率、克服高(gao)(gao)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、處理高(gao)(gao)濃度(du)的優越功(gong)能(neng)。
影響除塵效果的因素
除塵(chen)器的除塵(chen)效果與許(xu)多因素(su)有關,如(ru)煙氣的溫度、流速(su),以及除塵(chen)器的密封狀態(tai)、收塵(chen)板間距(ju)等。
2.1煙氣的溫度
煙(yan)氣的溫(wen)度(du)過(guo)高(gao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)始發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、起(qi)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)*表面(mian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場溫(wen)度(du)、火花放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等均降低,影(ying)響除(chu)塵(chen)效率。煙(yan)氣的溫(wen)度(du)過(guo)低,容易造成(cheng)絕(jue)緣(yuan)部件因結露而(er)爬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);金屬件被腐蝕,并且燃煤發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)排(pai)出的煙(yan)氣中含有SO2,其(qi)腐蝕程度(du)更為(wei)嚴重(zhong);灰斗內粉塵(chen)結塊影(ying)響排(pai)灰,該廠曾因灰斗長期積灰,使(shi)收(shou)塵(chen)板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)線埋于積灰中而(er)將收(shou)塵(chen)板(ban)燒變形,斷裂,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)線燒斷。
2.2煙氣的流速
過高(gao)煙(yan)氣的流速(su)不能過高(gao),因為(wei)粉(fen)塵(chen)在電(dian)場中荷(he)電(dian)后沉積(ji)島收塵(chen)*上(shang)需要(yao)有(you)一定的時間(jian),如果煙(yan)氣風速(su)過高(gao),核電(dian)粉(fen)塵(chen)來不及沉降(jiang)就被氣流帶出,同時煙(yan)氣的流速(su)過高(gao)容(rong)易(yi)使(shi)已(yi)沉積(ji)在收塵(chen)板上(shang)的粉(fen)塵(chen)產(chan)(chan)生二次飛揚,特別是振打落灰時更容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)(chan)生二次飛揚。
2.3板間距
當作用電壓(ya)、電暈線的間距(ju)和半徑相同時,加大(da)板間距(ju),會(hui)影響電暈線臨近區(qu)所產生(sheng)離子電流的分布、增(zeng)大(da)表(biao)面(mian)積上的電位差,將導(dao)致電暈外區(qu)電場(chang)強度降低,影響除(chu)塵效率。
2.4電暈線間距
電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)線的間(jian)距有(you)一(yi)個會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生大電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的佳值,當作用電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)線半徑和板間(jian)距相(xiang)同(tong)時(shi),增(zeng)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)線間(jian)距會(hui)(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度(du)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)度(du)的分布不均勻(yun),若電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)線間(jian)距小于佳值,電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)線附近電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的相(xiang)互屏蔽作用會(hui)(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流減小。
2.5氣流分布不勻
出現(xian)(xian)氣(qi)流分(fen)布不(bu)勻時,氣(qi)流速(su)度低(di)(di)的(de)地方收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)率高,氣(qi)流速(su)度高的(de)地方收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)率低(di)(di),氣(qi)流速(su)度低(di)(di)的(de)地方增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)收(shou)(shou)集量小于氣(qi)流速(su)度高的(de)地方減少的(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)收(shou)(shou)集量,而總收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)效率降低(di)(di)。并且氣(qi)流速(su)度高的(de)地方會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)沖刷現(xian)(xian)象,將已沉積(ji)在(zai)收(shou)(shou)塵(chen)板上的(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)再(zai)次大量揚(yang)起。
2.6漏風
由(you)于(yu)(yu)電除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)用于(yu)(yu)負壓操作,如果(guo)殼體的(de)連(lian)接處密封(feng)不嚴(yan),就(jiu)會(hui)從(cong)外部漏入冷(leng)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi),使(shi)(shi)通過電除塵(chen)(chen)的(de)風速(su)增大,煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)溫度(du)降(jiang)低,這(zhe)會(hui)使(shi)(shi)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)露點發生變化,使(shi)(shi)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)性能下(xia)降(jiang),如果(guo)從(cong)灰(hui)(hui)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)或排灰(hui)(hui)裝置漏入空(kong)氣(qi)(qi),將會(hui)造(zao)(zao)成收(shou)下(xia)的(de)粉塵(chen)(chen)產生再飛揚,使(shi)(shi)收(shou)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率降(jiang)低,還會(hui)使(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)受潮、粘(zhan)附灰(hui)(hui)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)造(zao)(zao)成卸(xie)(xie)灰(hui)(hui)不流暢,甚至產生堵灰(hui)(hui)。陶二(er)電廠的(de)1#、2#除塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)(qi)曾因保溫室密封(feng)不嚴(yan)漏入大量高(gao)溫熱(re)灰(hui)(hui),不但(dan)除塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)果(guo)大大下(xia)降(jiang),而(er)且許(xu)多保溫圈(quan)的(de)連(lian)接線燒壞。灰(hui)(hui)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)處也曾因漏風使(shi)(shi)卸(xie)(xie)灰(hui)(hui)口結冰,卸(xie)(xie)不下(xia)灰(hui)(hui)來,造(zao)(zao)成灰(hui)(hui)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)內大量積灰(hui)(hui)。
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